19 January 2019

Conservation of Agricultural Land and the Role of Anaerobic Digestion

Climate change and other challenges are motivating many producers to rethink how they produce food. Similarly, the world of environmental conservation is changing, with First Nations, for example, leading the development of new approaches to the stewardship of working landscapes.

Issues like climate change require rapid transformations in both conservation and food production practices. Rather than perpetuating polarization, bold leadership should work toward consensus among groups. This must start with recognizing that food production and conservation are not opposing ends of the spectrum. via theconversation.com

The Greenbelt for Agricultural Land Conservation

Greenbelt is a vital, creative force in protecting the places that people love and in supporting a healthy environment. Land trusts it work with families, municipalities and organizations to help them realize their land conservation goals, protecting native plants and wildlife, preserving access to nature for the well-being of future generations, and creating an environment that is more resilient to the impacts of climate change. via www.newburyportnews.com

The US Soil Nitrogen Run-Off Problems

The need to better control nitrogen run-off is a major concern.

Every summer, a "dead zone" forms in the Gulf of Mexico. Plumes of oxygen-robbing algae, fed by excess nitrogen coming in from the Mississippi River, kill off marine life and threaten the livelihoods of those who fish the Gulf. States bordering the Mississippi River are putting strategies in place to limit nitrogen from wastewater treatment plants, surface runoff, and agricultural fields. In a new study, University of Illinois scientists have estimated that a new conservation practise known as saturated buffers could reduce nitrogen from agricultural drainage by 5 to 10 percent.

Saturated buffers are vegetated strips of land, as little as 30 feet across, between tile-drained agricultural fields and waterways. Ordinarily, tile pipes carrying drainage water from the fields empty directly into ditches or streams. With a saturated buffer, the water is re-routed to a perforated pipe running below the surface and parallel to the stream. Water then flows through the soil of the saturated buffer into the stream. via phys.org


What is Conservation Agriculture?

Conservation agriculture (CA) can be defined by a statement given by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as "a concept for resource-saving agricultural crop production that strives to achieve acceptable profits together with high and sustained production levels while concurrently conserving the environment" (FAO 2007). 
via en.wikipedia.org

What Action is Being Taken to Conserve Agricultural Land?

The Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP) provides financial and technical assistance to help conserve agricultural lands and wetlands and their related benefits. Under the Agricultural Land Easements component, NRCS helps American Indian tribes, state and local governments and non-governmental organizations protect working agricultural lands and limit non-agricultural uses of the land. Under the Wetlands Reserve Easements component, NRCS helps to restore, protect and enhance enrolled wetlands.

Over the past 25 year, NRCS has worked with landowners to protect more than 4.4 million acres of wetlands and agricultural lands, a value of over a billion dollars in a diversified real estate portfolio that has resulted in improved soil health, water and air quality and wildlife habitat. Read more about the easement successes around the nation at www.nrcs.usda.gov

The Cap-and-Trade Program

The cap-and-trade program creates a financial incentive for industries to invest in clean technologies and develop innovative ways to reduce pollution. California Climate Investment projects include affordable housing, renewable energy, public transportation, zero-emission vehicles, environmental restoration, more sustainable agriculture, recycling and much more. At least 35 percent of these investments are made in disadvantaged and low-income communities. For more information, visit California Climate Investments.

The Role of Anaerobic Digestion

The Benefits of Anaerobic Digestion for Conservation of Agricultural Land. 

Healthy soil and water is important to farmers, their families, and the community. 
The vast majority of farms in America are family-owned, and active conservation practices can continue to pass this legacy from one generation to the next. 
Implementing manure digesters on livestock facilities can improve soil health by converting the nutrients in manure to a more accessible form for plants to use. 
Help protect the local water resources, by reducing nutrient run-off and destroying pathogens. 

EPA Case Study: Blue Spruce Farm, Vermont. 
On Blue Spruce Farm, post-digester liquid fertilizer is applied to the fields with an aerator, or directly onto the growing hay crops. 

Image shows the intro slide to the video on the benefits of anaerobic digestion for land conservation in America.
This reduces the potential for runoff, and the need to purchase commercial, fossil fuel-based, fertilizers.

We hope you found this article about the "The Benefits of Anaerobic Digestion for Conservation of Agricultural Land", helpful.

The video at the start of this page forms training video number 3 of 5, in a free AD Training course at the AD Training club.
Alternatively, why not visit www.anaerobic-digestion.com for more about Anaerobic Digestion and biogas.

(Video slides shown are illustrative and do not show the farm referred to. )

The source of our information is: 
https://www.epa.gov/agstar/benefits-anaerobic-digestion#rural-economic-growth

Take the free biogas training course at: https://adtraining.club/ 
Read the article: https://anaerobic-digestion.com/benefits-anaerobic-digestion/ 
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Biogas Powered Hydrogen Fuel Cells for House Vehicle and Businesses

Viessmann has already brought to market, a fuel cell combi-boiler for domestic energy supply.

Biogas Fuel Cells are more efficient energy producers than electrical generators by quite a wide margin. That fact alone gives innovators a winning reason to develop such fuel cells so that they become a consumer product just like any other product.

The Vitovalor 300-P, power-generating fuel cell, the heating appliance is available for detached and semi-detached homes. It generates power and heat simultaneously, using a fuel cell. Output: 750 Wel, 1 to 26 kWth. The heat generated as a by-product of power generation in a combi-boiler is used for central heating and DHW heating to save costs.

The heat generated as a by-product of power generation in a combi-boiler is used for central heating and DHW heating to save costs.

The VITOVALOR 300-P can be operated with natural gas or bio natural gas hydrogen. The combustion gas supplied flows through a reformer built into the unit, which uses a catalyst to convert it into hydrogen in a two-stage reaction.

The first stage of the conversion process produces a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. In the second, downstream gas cleaning process, carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide. Zero-emissions, grid independence and fuel flexibility are what is driving growth in the biogas-powered fuel cell market.

Biogas-powered fuel cells hold great promise for their ability to, transform waste streams directly into electricity, with zero emissions.

For facilities that are flaring biogas for electricity or powering a combustion-engine generator, fuel cells produce more electricity per unit of biogas with zero emissions, said Tony Leo of FuelCellEnergy.

A fuel cell is basically electrolyte material, sandwiched between positive and negative electrodes, that utilizes chemical reactions, rather than combustion, to produce energy. To generate electricity, outside air flows through piping. Upon contact with a negatively charged cathode, oxygen atoms acquire extra electrons.

The oxygen ions travel to the positively charged anode, where they react with the hydrogen in the fuel, shedding extra electrons that travel out of the fuel cell as electricity.

Fuel cells, in general, have practically zero criteria pollutants, such as carbon monoxide and particulate matter. Said Mike Penev.

This has made fuel cells more popular in heavy population areas in California and the US Northeast, where more of the non-attainment areas exist. Biogas producers may want to look into the costs of upgrading the biogas into hydrogen fuel for automobiles. Fuel-cell powered cars are now available!

Sources: Biomass Magazine 2013, http://biomassmagazine.com/articles/9... , Viessmann, and WIKIPEDIA. Help promote biogas production!


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